How Different Weather Changes Affect Asphalt
Asphalt and the Elements
There are very few people who are not at all familiar with asphalt surfaces; this type of material is usually used for roads, driveways, and parking lots. Asphalt is strong and flexible but, at the same time, sensitive to weather changes. From hot summer to freezing winter, outdoor temperatures can affect the performance and lifespan of asphalt surfaces. Understanding how different weather patterns affect asphalt can help people plan their maintenance schedules and even extend the life of their investments. This article lists five of the most important weather conditions affecting asphalt surfaces and explains how each influences this type of surfacing.
Heat and Sun Exposure
Heat and sunlight can damage asphalt over the long run. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures will make asphalt softer and more flexible. Asphalt will begin to deform and rut, particularly in high traffic areas. Ultraviolet light can oxidize asphalt and degrade the binding agent. The surface will become brittle and subject to cracking. Hot weather will also speed the evaporation of oils in the mix and increase the rate of aging and surface decay. Regular sealcoating can protect against UV damage and prolong surface life.
Cold Temperatures and Freezing Conditions
Cold weather has its own effects on asphalt. Asphalt naturally shrinks in cold temperatures, leaving it more prone to cracking. When cracks do appear, water can seep into the pavement and create additional damage. The water that seeps into cracks will expand as it freezes. As the water expands, the crack deepens and widens, leaving room for more water. The repeated freezing and thawing process is one of the most damaging forces on asphalt. In northern climates, where the freeze-thaw cycle is typical, potholes form frequently from the constant movement. Timely crack filling and winter sealcoating can help keep the damage to a minimum.
Rain, Flooding, and Water Damage
Water is one of asphalt’s worst enemies. Heavy rain and flooding can erode the surface, particularly if the asphalt was not properly sloped to allow for drainage. Standing water also seeps into small cracks in the surface and softens the sub-base, eventually leading to structural failure. Over time, this erosion can lead to sinkholes, large cracks, or potholes. Improper drainage is one of the most common reasons asphalt fails before its time. Regular inspection and installation of the proper drainage systems, such as French drains or curbing, can redirect water and keep the surface intact. It is also a good idea to do a quick visual inspection after a heavy storm to identify any early damage.
Humidity and Seasonal Transitions
Humidity, while not a direct factor of rapid asphalt damage, can be a major long term factor in asphalt deterioration. High humidity can introduce moisture into the pavement surface and base as temperatures rise and fall. It also reduces the effectiveness of many sealants and paints, making it difficult to maintain a clean, painted asphalt surface. Seasonal changes (i.e., spring thaw, fall cooling) can also bring drastic temperature changes, which put added stress on the pavement. Seasonal changes often also bring issues in the pavement that were not seen or caused in the dry season (drainage failures, soft sub-base, etc.) or cracks that have not been detected.
Conclusion: Planning for Weather-Resilient Asphalt
Asphalt is durable, but different weather conditions can take their toll. The more you know about these effects, the better you can plan a maintenance regimen that will protect your investment all year long. Hot weather, cold weather, and precipitation each take a different toll on asphalt. Routine inspections, proactive repairs, and preventive maintenance, such as sealcoating or drainage solutions, can significantly extend the life of your pavement. A professional asphalt contractor can work with you to help ensure that your asphalt surface is ready for whatever nature has in store, whether it be blistering summer sun, autumn rainstorms, or icy winter conditions.
